美味侧耳病毒及其生化特性

自美味侧耳(Pleurotus sapidus)子实体中分离到两类病毒颗粒,一是球形,直径为25nm(少数为19、32am);一是杆状,具较深锯齿状亚基,大小为12～14×40～600nm,病毒具核蛋白吸收峰,最大吸收为E257nm,最小为242nm,ISCO蔗糖密度梯度离心中出现3个峰。 病毒具有分子量为44000和22000两条主要衣壳多肽,自子实体中提取到分子量约1.2×10~(?)道尔顿的dsRNA,可能是球形病毒的基因组,病毒与同属真菌糙皮侧耳(P,ostreatus)和德平菇(P,floride)球形病毒之间有血清学关系。     

平菇子实体钙调素的分离纯化及其与猪脑钙调素的生物活性比较

平菇萃取液经酸性沉淀、热变性、Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B疏水亲和层析和DEAE-Cellulose 52离子交換层析分冉出了电泳纯的真菌钙调素。在比较钙调素对磷酸二酯酶活化的能力和ELISA实验的免疫亲和力对发现,平菇钙调素与猪脑钙调素的生物活性有较大差异,提示在钙调素定量测定中有必要考虑到标准钙调素与样品钙调素之间的同源性差异。     

Intergeneric hybridization between Pleurotus ostreatus and Schizophyllum commune by PEG-induced protoplast fusion

Intergeneric hybridization between Pleurotus ostreatus and Schizophyllum commune was studied using PEG-induced fusion. The fusion of protoplasts from auxotrophic mutant strains resulted in the formation of fusion hybrids in the frequencies of 3.6 to 7.3×10^–5. Most of these fusion hybrids were monokaryotic and sterile and no heterokaryosis occurred. Most fusants showed a significantly higher nuclear DNA content when compared to parental strains and no diploids (parent 1 genome plus parent 2 genome) were found. Some fusion hybrids revealed both parental fragments in nuclear and mitochondrial rDNA PCR profiles. AP-PCR (Arbitrarily-primed Polymerase Chain Reaction) fingerprints also indicated that most of the fusion products were recombinant hybrids.     

电击法介导的紫孢侧耳原生质体转化

使用基因脉冲导入仪成功地将糙皮侧耳DNA导入紫孢侧耳单核原生质体内,获得了具有"锁状联合”特征的双核转化菌株T₁,和T₂。转化率为8．2×10^-5,转化比为3．6％。酯酶同I酶分析结果表明,转化菌株除具有受体菌的酶带外,还存在供体菌的酶带,由此证明转化菌株确为紫孢侧耳和糙皮侧耳DNA重组的产物。转化菌株子实体形态也发生了变化。两菌株子实体均不释放孢子;T₁。菌柄中生,T₂成熟子实体菌盖中部易长出菌丝。     

平菇丰收一号高产特性的研究

通过野生种分离选用的平菇丰收一号,染色体数为９（ｎ＝９）,菌丝生长速度比一般品种快２—３４ｃｍ／ｈ,平均投料０．５ｋｇ（块）产鲜菇０．６～２．５ｋｇ,个别单株重１０～２０ｋｇ左右,生物效率１００～１５０％,高者达２００％以上,是一种高产优质、适应性强的新菌种。     

Construction of a Homologous Selectable Marker Gene for Lentinula edodes Transformation

We cloned a gene for the iron sulfur protein (Ip) subunit from an edible mushroom, Lentinula edodes, and introduced a point mutation that confers carboxin resistance into it. The mutant gene successfully transformed L. edodes with high efficiency (9 transformants/2.5 μg vector DNA). Restriction enzyme-mediated integration (REMI) increased the transformation efficiency by about two-fold.     

不同碳氮源对糙皮侧耳木质纤维素酶活性的影响

以糙皮侧耳Pleurotus ostreatus为材料,研究简单碳氮源及木质素纯品诱导条件对其木质纤维素酶活性的影响。结果表明,不同的碳源培养基和氮源培养基对糙皮侧耳漆酶活性、羧甲基纤维素酶活性和木聚糖酶活性均具有极显著的影响（P<0.001）,且对糙皮侧耳菌丝生物量也有极显著的影响（P<0.001）。以蔗糖作主要碳源诱导物时,有利于提高糙皮侧耳漆酶活性;以果糖作主要碳源诱导物时,有利于提高糙皮侧耳羧甲基纤维素酶活性和菌丝生物量的积累;以葡萄糖作主要碳源诱导物时,有利于提高糙皮侧耳木聚糖酶活性。以酵母浸粉作主要氮源诱导物时,有利于提高糙皮侧耳漆酶活性和菌丝生物量的积累;以硝酸钾作为主要氮源诱导物时,有利于提高糙皮侧耳羧甲基纤维素酶活性;以硫酸铵作为主要氮源诱导物时,有利于提高糙皮侧耳木聚糖酶活性。碱性木素的存在,有利于提高糙皮侧耳漆酶活性,但不利于菌丝生物量的积累。与此同时,碱性木素的存在对糙皮侧耳羧甲基纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活性并没有促进作用。     

A Review of: “Progress in Separation and Purification Vol. 3, E. S. Perry and C. J,van Oss,eds., Willy/Intersciencc,New York, 1970; xi + 316 pares; hard cover; 515.95”

The optimal culture conditions of exopolysaccharides (EPS) production in submerged culture medium by Pleurotus geesteranus 5 ^# were determined using an orthogonal matrix method. The optimal defined medium (per liter) was 60.0 g maltose, 5.0 g tryptone, 1 mM NaCl, 5 mM KH₂PO₄, and initial pH 6.0 at 28 °C. In the optimal culture medium, the maximum EPS production was 16.97 g/L in a shake flask. Two groups of EPSs (designated as Fr-I and Fr-II) were obtained from the culture filtrates by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index (RI) detector system. The approximate weight-average molar masses of the Fr-I and Fr-II of EPS were determined to be 3.263 × 10⁴ and 5.738 × 10³ g/mol, respectively. The low values of polydispersity ratio (1.176 and 1.124 for Fr-I and Fr-II, respectively) of EPSs mean that these EPS molecules exist much less dispersed in aqueous solution without forming large aggregates. Furthermore, the experiments in vitro indicated that P. geesteranus 5^# EPS exhibit high antitumor and antioxidative effects.     

ITS-RFLP在白灵菇种质资源鉴定中的应用

为快速鉴别白灵菇种质资源的真伪,对58个供试菌株进行ITS特异性扩增,根据遗传差异选择菌株进行ITS克隆测序,经ITS-RFLP分析和ITS序列分析得知:58个供试菌株中,Pl.n0010、Pl.n0020、Pl.n0025、Pl.n0041这4个菌株为杏鲍菇;菌株Pl.n0037是糙皮侧耳;余下53个菌株为白灵菇。结果表明:ITS-RFLP可应用于白灵菇与杏鲍菇菌株间的鉴定。     

菌糠二次利用栽培黑木耳试验研究

为充分利用营养没有得到充分吸收的栽培过食用菌的废弃菌糠、明确在牡丹江地区再利用食用菌菌糠生产黑木耳的适宜比例,以灵芝和鲍鱼菇的废弃菌糠为试验材料,进行不同配方的对比试验。试验结果表明：黑木耳培养料中灵芝菌糠体积分数为30%时栽培效果最佳,显著优于参入鲍鱼菇菌糠的各种培养料配方（P〈0.01）。因此,可以利用灵芝菌糠废料作为替代料栽培黑木耳使用。